#WHY WANST DNC SERVER TAKEN VERIFICATION#
Today, hackers use this lack of verification to infiltrate fake data, obtain confidential information, or redirect users to other servers using methods such as DNS spoofing, cache poisoning, or man-in-the-middle attacks. At that time, only universities and research centers used this system, so there was no reason to believe that anyone would spread fake DNS information. This is because the domain name system still functions the way it did in the early days of the internet. Depending on the server configuration, the TTL can vary between a few minutes and several days.ĭNS servers typically do not verify if received information and data are accurate or from a legitimate source. This period is called “time to live”, abbreviated TTL. In order to answer repeated queries for the same domain more quickly, the information is temporarily stored in the DNS server’s cache for a set period of time. In contrast to that, your router or the ISP's servers are non-authoritative. The information provided by authoritative name servers is binding and trustworthy for other servers. The browser then indicates that the website could not be found or may not exist. If no IP address can be found, an error message is returned. The ISP will then ask this authoritative server for the IP, and send the information through your router back to your browser. The NIC’s server will send the address of the zone’s authoritative nameserver to the ISP. In the case of the TLD “.com”, this is Verisign. If there is still no information found, the request will be sent to the Network Information Center (NIC) responsible for the zone. Thereby it passes the local DNS-Server (usually your internet router), the ISP’s DNS-Server, and the root name server, which is accountable for the respective Top Level Domain (TLD). If it finds no information there, the request will be redirected until the IP address will be identified. When you enter a URL into your browser, it starts searching for the corresponding IP-address in your computer's DNS cache. If the IP address cannot be found on this DNS server, the query is sent to other DNS servers until the data for the respective domain is retrieved. During this resolution process, the DNS records on the server are searched and, if available, the domain name dataset is returned. DNS servers play an important role here.ĭNS servers translate domain names, such as, into IP addresses.
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The domain name system (DNS) combines the requirements of humans and computers by enabling a connection, for example to a website, without users having to know the corresponding IP-address. Similar to long phone numbers, IP addresses are difficult to remember for human users. To make sure that computers and other devices can communicate with each other via the internet or other networks, each device is assigned its own unique IP address.
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Figure: DNS-Server - Author: Seobility - License: CC BY-SA 4.0ĭomain names, such as, are easy to remember for humans but less suitable for communication between computers in a network.